微软Azure、谷歌云、亚马逊AWS是这一环节的代表，它们的商业模式是将上游硬件转化为可直接使用的算力服务，包括模型训练平台、云存储等，同时通过与上下游形成股权绑定巩固优势，比如微软投资OpenAI后，便锁定了其长期云服务采购需求。
This is a very different feeling from other tasks I’ve “mastered”. If you ask me to write a CLI tool or to debug a certain kind of bug, I know I’ll succeed and have a pretty good intuition on how long the task is going to take me. But by working with AI on a new domain… I just don’t, and I don’t see how I could build that intuition. This is uncomfortable and dangerous. You can try asking the agent to give you an estimate, and it will, but funnily enough the estimate will be in “human time” so it won’t have any meaning. And when you try working on the problem, the agent’s stochastic behavior could lead you to a super-quick win or to a dead end that never converges on a solution.
，这一点在体育直播中也有详细论述
bootstrapped vs. hosted
(Conversely, I don’t care much about pop culture, so my total lack of interest for mainstream global anglo pop music isn’t a guilty displeasure at all. It just isn’t part of me.)